Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Purpose in Semi-Arid Region of India Using Entropy Water Quality and Statistical Techniques

The continuous intake of contaminated drinking water causes serious issues for human health. In order to estimate the suitability groundwater and irrigation, also conduct risk assessments various groups people, a total 43 sample locations in semi-arid southern part India were selected based on population density, we collected analyzed from major anions cations. present study’s novelty is integrating hydrochemical analysis with entropy quality index (EWQI), nitrate pollution (NPI) health assessment. results EWQI revealed that 44.19% need be treated before consumption. About 37.20% study region has high concentration groundwater. NPI 41.86% samples had moderate or significant levels. non-carcinogenic evaluation showed 6–12-year-old children are at higher than teenagers, adults elderly people area. natural sources other contamination rock–water interaction, weathering rock, dissolution carbonate minerals evaporation processes, anthropogenic decomposition organic substances dumping yards, uncovered septic tanks animal waste. suggest taking mitigation measures reduce improve sustainable planning management.